PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.